Topics
Bruegel researchers tackle a range of economic topics and issues, grouped across wider topics which cover the breadth of our expertise.
Climate change
Concessional climate finance: the Bridgetown Initiative
Energy crisis: five questions that must be answered in 2023
Here’s how researchers can help overcome the threats arising from market turmoil and geopolitical realignment after Russia’s invasion of Ukraine.
Energy
Preparing for the next winter: Europe’s gas outlook for 2023
We explore in detail the two pillars of energy security: LNG supply and the nature and volume of natural-gas demand reductions.
European natural gas imports
European natural gas demand tracker
COVID-19
The hidden inequalities of digitalisation in the post-pandemic context
Digital automation has affected working conditions quite broadly, beyond job loss, in several other important ways.
European Union countries’ recovery and resilience plans
Ukraine
Germany’s Emerging War Economy
To meet the challenges of an age in which the threat of war is always present, Germany and Europe must invest heavily in military innovation.
Enlarging and deepening: giving substance to the European Political Community
The EPC would not be, and should not be, regarded as a substitute for EU accession, but should be designed to work as an accelerator.
Ukraine and what it means for European Union enlargement
The real issue for EU leaders when they discuss Ukraine’s application at a 23-24 June summit and beyond, is what kind of club the EU should be.
Filter publications by topic
Working paper
19 October 2020
The economic growth and income distribution implications of public spending and tax decisions
European Union countries can reduce inequality of opportunity through public spending and tax decisions. Broadly, the most effective approach includes
Policy brief
22 September 2020
Why has COVID-19 hit different European Union economies so differently?
All European Union countries are undergoing severe output losses as a consequence of COVID-19, but some have been hurt more than others. Factors poten
Policy brief
17 September 2020
Emerging Europe and the capital markets union
The European Union's capital market union needs a revamp because of Brexit and the deep recession, and to underpin the European Green Deal.
Policy brief
11 September 2020
Financing the European Union: New Context, New Responses
With the European Union for the first time taking on debt to help finance the economic recovery from the coronavirus, new resources are needed to fund
Policy brief
08 July 2020
Greening the recovery by greening the fiscal consolidation
In the wake of COVID-19, some economic recovery policies will help green the economy – for example, energy renovation of buildings.
Working paper
07 July 2020
The impact economy: balancing profit and impact
The impact economy model is well-positioned to find an appropriate balance across all three pillars: economic, social and environmental.
Policy brief
02 July 2020
The financial fragility of European households in the time of COVID-19
The concept of household financial fragility emerged in the United States after the 2007-2008 financial crisis. It grew out of the need to understand
Policy brief
30 June 2020
Six years after Ukraine’s Euromaidan: reforms and challenges ahead
T he political events of early 2014 and the conflict with Russia had a strong negative impact on the Ukrainian economy.
Policy brief
24 June 2020
Should Denmark and Sweden join the banking Union?
Though outside the euro area, Denmark and Sweden could benefit from joining the European Union’s banking union.
Policy brief
22 June 2020
A new policy toolkit is needed as countries exit COVID-19 lockdowns
Most governments have taken measures to protect vulnerable workers and firms from the worst effects of the sudden drop in activity related to COVID-19
Working paper
15 June 2020
Occupational change, artificial intelligence and the geography of EU labour markets
On the potential impact of new technologies, we find that low-skill mid-skill jobs are significantly exposed.
Policy brief
05 June 2020
Is the COVID-19 crisis an opportunity to boost the euro as a global currency?
The euro never challenged the US dollar, and its international status declined with the euro crisis. Faced with a US administration willing to use its
Policy brief
28 May 2020
COVID-19’s reality shock for external-funding dependent emerging economies
COVID-19 is by far the biggest challenge policymakers in emerging economies have had to deal with in recent history. Beyond the potentially large nega
Policy brief
20 May 2020
The European Central Bank in the COVID-19 crisis: whatever it takes, within its mandate
To keep the euro-area economy afloat, the European Central Bank has put in place a large number of measures since the beginning of the COVID-19 crisis
Policy brief
13 May 2020
Rebooting Europe: a framework for a post COVID-19 economic recovery
COVID-19 has triggered a severe recession and policymakers in European Union countries are providing generous, largely indiscriminate, support to comp
Policy brief
13 May 2020
The European Union’s post-Brexit reckoning with financial markets
In the negotiations between the European Union and the United Kingdom over their future relationship, we see a high probability of a weak contractual