Security

Financing European air defence through European Union debt

In this paper, we propose the creation of an EU funding mechanism to internalise the positive externalities provided by national air-defence systems

Fit for war in decades: sluggish German rearmament versus surging Russian defence production

It will take Germany, and Europe more generally, decades to match current Russian volumes of weapons production

In conversation with Eurogroup President Paschal Donohoe: Strengthening EU public finances, defence and security

How can the EU harness public finances for new priorities like defence and security?

What role do imports play in European defence?

The European Union wants to reduce reliance on imported defence equipment, but the reliance seems to be overstated

Debt financing European air defence

A case can be made for financing European air defence through issuance of EU debt

Tough trade-offs: the big strategic issues for the next EU term

Three overarching economic policy trade-offs will set the context for the new Commission from the beginning of its mandate

European Union debt will boost air defense

European Union debt to boost European air defence

European Union borrowing could help fund air defence for the continent, while taking pressure off national defence budgets

Braver, Greener, Fairer

Unpacking China’s industrial policy and its implications for Europe

This paper assess how beneficial industrial policy has been for China and how exportable to the European Union its model might be

European Economic Security: Current practices and further development

Key factors likely to shape the EU’s trade agenda in the next five-year term

What visions for Europe? Unpacking EU parties’ economic strategies

The EU elections are around the corner. What economic plans are the parties advocating for?

Industrial policy for economic security

Use the financial system to enforce export controls on Russia

Prohibition of Western tech exports to Russia is not working; rapid measures are needed to tighten up