European monetary union

28th regimes to help Europe’s capital markets

The European Union should take a building-block approach to pan-EU business laws

Rebecca Christie

The Werner Report, the Delors Report and the Birth of Euro

Ivo Maes

Globalisation and the reform of European social models

This Policy Brief is a reissue of the first Policy Brief published by Bruegel in November 2005

André Sapir

When Greece was on the brink of euro exit: disaster averted, lessons learned

There are good arguments for greater European integration, but it must be built on trust, not spun out of crisis

Marco Buti, Klaus Regling and Thomas Wieser

Lessons for the European Central Bank from the 2021-2023 inflationary episode

This paper reflects on these developments ahead of the ECB’s 2025 monetary policy review

Pablo Hernández de Cos

The European Parliament, Economic and Monetary Union, and the Maastricht Treaty

Ivo Maes

Overcome divisions and confront threats: Memo to the Presidents of the European Commission, Council and Parliament

Memo to the Presidents of the European Commission, Council and Parliament

Maria Demertzis, André Sapir and Jeromin Zettelmeyer

Why are concrete economic proposals so important before the EU elections?

Maria Demertzis

A tale of two treatises: the Werner and Delors Reports and the birth of the euro

Focusing on the Werner and Delors Reports, this essay aims to capture key ideas and debates, giving a chronological overview of the EMU process

Ivo Maes

The Euro at 25: Fit for purpose?

Jean Pisani-Ferry, Lucrezia Reichlin and Jeromin Zettelmeyer

The US and Swiss messes may nudge the EU towards better international bank capital standards compliance

Bank collapses show the importance of strong capital and liquidity positions and should signal to the EU the benefits of closer adherence to Basel III

Nicolas Véron

European Union countries’ recovery and resilience plans

Zsolt Darvas, Marta Domínguez-Jiménez, Ashling Devins, Monika De Ridder (Grzegorczyk), Lionel Guetta-Jeanrenaud, Surya Hendry, Mia Hoffmann, Klaas Lenaerts, Tom Schraepen, Alkiviadis Tzaras, Victor Vorsatz, Pauline Weil and Lennard Welslau

Digital Euro blurs the lines between money and politics

A central bank-backed digital currency would put the EU in the global vanguard when it comes to taking cash payments online.

Rebecca Christie

Don’t look only to Brussels to increase the supply of safe assets in the European Union

A sufficient supply of safe assets denominated in euros is critical if the European Union is to achieve a full banking and capital markets union.

Francesco Papadia and Heliodoro Temprano Arroyo