Transatlantic relations

Europe’s dependence on US foreign military sales: evidence for policy makers from a new database

Juan Mejino-López and Guntram B. Wolff

US Foreign Military Sales

This dataset offers detailed information on FMS notifications of transfers of military equipment from the US to foreign governments.

Juan Mejino-López, Javier Ospital and Guntram B. Wolff

Dependence on fossil fuels, not on the United States, is Europe’s worry

The US has replaced Russia to a great extent as an energy supplier to the European Union, but this has not so far created a new vulnerability

Ugnė Keliauskaitė, Ben McWilliams and Georg Zachmann

Reforming European defence procurement to boost military innovation and startups

European defence procurement practices must evolve to embrace innovative startups and small firms, in order to meet modern battlefield needs

Ethan Kapstein, Javier Ospital and Guntram B. Wolff

Pivot to Asia, Europe or the Homeland? 18 Years of US Foreign Military Sales

Juan Mejino-López, Javier Ospital and Guntram B. Wolff

European and Chinese exports kept growing despite the 2025 Trump trade shock

Diversification has kept global trade strong, despite Trump’s tariffs and accelerated US-China decoupling

Zsolt Darvas and Marie-Sophie Lappe

What can Europe learn from Trump’s Greenland tariff threats?

Niclas Poitiers

The end of the Turnberry truce: how the EU should react to US coercion over Greenland

The EU should be prepared to hit back against US economic pressure, deploying trade and anti-coercion measures

Ignacio García Bercero

Why US designs on Greenland will ultimately end in compromise

Annexation of Greenland by the United States is unrealistic for numerous reasons

Jacob Funk Kirkegaard

Three ‘don’ts’ to protect Greenland from Trump

When confronting the Greenland crisis, the EU should apply lessons learned from the lopsided US-EU trade negotiations

Moreno Bertoldi and Marco Buti

Greenland is not marginal: the US takeover threat is a strategic test for Europe

European powers should provide backing for Nuuk and Copenhagen by establishing a greater military presence in Greenland

Guntram B. Wolff

Venezuela: the upending of values and another warning to Europe

Trump's brazen attack on Venezuela presents challenges for China – and opportunities

Alicia García-Herrero

What turned 2025 into a year of better averages and bigger challenges?

Jeromin Zettelmeyer

From strategy to doctrine: the next steps for European economic security

The EU needs a balanced strategy to cut reliance on the US and China while improving its capacity to counter coercive economic threats

Ignacio García Bercero and Niclas Poitiers