Lessons for the European Central Bank from the 2021-2023 inflationary episode
This paper reflects on these developments ahead of the ECB’s 2025 monetary policy review
‘Project Einstein’: research excellence for Europe and the world
The European Union has the money to attract researchers under threat in the US and should coordinate a scheme to deploy it
The European Union should not water down bank capital standards
The EU should resist the pressure for banking-sector deregulation that is likely to follow from the deregulatory push in the United States
Preventing future electricity blackouts requires thorough analysis
There is still no clear picture of what led to the Iberian blackout; a comprehensive, evidence-based investigation is essential
Germany’s budget vs the EU: clash coming?
Germany has amended its constitutional debt brake to free up room for much needed defence investments. How does this align with EU law?
Bruegel's 20th anniversary
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The governance and funding of European rearmament
Europe must accelerate rearmament through deeper cooperation and innovative governance to counter Russia’s aggression and shifting US policies
Defending Europe without the US: first estimates of what is needed
Europe could need 300,000 more troops and an annual defence spending hike of at least €250 billion in the short term to deter Russian aggression
The economic impact of Trump’s tariffs on Europe: an initial assessment
It is likely that Trump’s tariffs will be a limited hit to Europe, though some regions and industries could suffer and may need protective measures
Trump's reciprocal tariffs stoke fears that a Mar-a-Lago Accord could be next
A US trade policy that goes against common sense has stoked fears that US debt restructuring could come next
Will China’s economy follow the same path as Japan’s?
Since the 2021 bursting of its real-estate bubble, worries have grown that China's future economic trajectory will mirror that of Japan in the 1990s
China
Bruegel regularly publishes research on China's relationship with the EU and the wider world
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