Financial regulation

How demographic change will hit debt sustainability in European Union countries

The European Union faces a dramatic demographic problem in the decades ahead

Memo to the commissioner responsible for economic and financial affairs

Memo to the commissioner responsible for financial services

Russia's immobilised reserves

Testimony to the Dutch Committee on Foreign Affairs

How to harvest the windfall profits from Russian assets in Europe

The challenge still remains of crafting a syndicated loan for Ukraine backed by G7 members that strikes a fair deal on burden sharing

The implications of the European Union’s new fiscal rules

This policy brief summarises the main features of the new European Union fiscal framework

De-dollarisation is all about de-risking

Using the financial system to enforce export controls

Russian imports of battlefield goods that are subject to export controls, including from Western producers, have surged since mid-2022

Climate change, the next big financial threat

A warming planet poses new risks to European sovereign debt. How can the continent protect itself?

Use the financial system to enforce export controls on Russia

Prohibition of Western tech exports to Russia is not working; rapid measures are needed to tighten up