Energy

Volatile energy markets expose the fragility of Europe’s capital market infrastructure

Reform of the EU central clearing framework is an essential part of capital markets union, but reform should not be driven by current energy turmoil.

European natural gas demand tracker

European natural gas imports

Germany’s gas-price ‘defence shield’: problems and redeeming features

The €200 billion “defence shield” risks undermining European solidarity. This could be avoided by designing it well.

An assessment of Europe’s options for addressing the crisis in energy markets

Action to intervene in the gas and electricity wholesale markets is also being taken at European Union level, which is what we analyse in this paper.

A cold winter

Reforming energy markets must aim to make them less vulnerable to crises such as today’s, even if such crises are rare.  

Re-revisiting The European Union’s energy crisis

Where did it all go wrong?

A grand bargain to steer through the European Union’s energy crisis

The current crisis looks set to leave behind it a radically different system, but what that system will look like remains an open question

The grand energy bargain Europe needs to defeat Putin

Europe Needs a Grand Bargain on Energy

Why a “Go It Alone” Approach Will Leave Countries in the Cold This Winter

How it can be done

What would be the economic consequences of a complete halt to Russian gas imports?

Europe needs energy solidarity — not a North-South rift

The bloc must urgently implement a compensation scheme to prevent Putin from dividing member countries.

A Transatlantic Energy and Climate Pact Is Now More Necessary Than Ever

What role for China in the global refining crunch?

Despite high prices, China’s substantial spare oil refining capacity remains restricted.

An individual tax on fuel consumption is an effective, flexible and sustainable solution to combat inflation