Global economy and trade policy
Explore recurring issues in Europe’s relationship with its extended neighbourhood, and economic relations with China, India and the rest of the world
Europe’s global economic relationships have been complicated by the adoption of tariffs and subsidies by China and the US, often in contravention of World Trade Organisation rules.
Under the 2025-2026 research programme, Bruegel fellows explore the future of the international economic order and the role of emerging and developing economies in reshaping EU economic relations.
Recently published
Why are global imbalances rising, and why does it matter?
Is the dollar at risk? Is China the new Germany? How to manage rising external deficits and surpluses
Sin libertad de navegación no hay globalización
The biggest threat to China’s global champions is not Donald Trump
Could a Hormuz toll solve the oil crisis and who pays?
With a return to the pre-Iran conflict energy status quo unlikely, a Hormuz toll may be the next best option – but Gulf states would pay the most
Europe’s electric vehicle conundrum
What to do about Chinese overcapacity, EU subsidies and the electric transition
The EU–India deal is not enough. India needs investment – now
Europe Is Stuck With America
What the EU Should Learn from China’s Industrial Policy
China's quiet win in the Iran crisis
Researchers
Ignacio García Bercero
Bruegel Senior Fellow
Jonathan D. Ostry
Bruegel Non-resident Fellow
Camille Reverdy
Bruegel Affiliate Fellow
Nina Vujanović
Bruegel Affiliate Fellow
Events
The Mother of All Deals? Economic Implications of the India-EU FTA
What does the EU–India FTA mean for the future of trade?
Talks@Bruegel: The EU–Mercosur Agreement in the current geopolitical context with Nicolas Albertoni
What is the biggest strategic obstacle to a deeper EU–Latin America partnership today?
Global and European economic outlook: in conversation with Kristalina Georgieva
A fireside chat with Kristalina Georgieva, Managing Director of the IMF
Podcasts
First assessment of China's 15th Five-Year Plan
Can Beijing's new economic blueprint deliver in an era of deflation, demographic decline, and technology warfare?
Where can Europe be independent?
Vestager and Brasso Sørensen discuss competitiveness, tech and the EU
China’s financial system: big, powerful and still state-run
China’s vast banking system remains deeply shaped by the state. What does that mean for growth, stimulus and the Yuan’s global ambitions?
China’s Yuan and Europe’s industry: a growing imbalance
How exchange rates, overcapacity and price divergence are reshaping EU–China trade and why Europe may need new policy tools