Digital economy

How can Europe address its pressing AI compute infrastructure shortfall?

Europe’s AI compute gap will not close through capital alone, making faster permits, grid access and output-side sovereignty tools essential

Bertin Martens and Tillman Schenk

China’s artificial intelligence goals and strategic choices for Europe

China’s AI strategy pairs domestic control with global diffusion, aiming to lead innovation, standards and governance on its own terms

Alicia García-Herrero and Théo Storella

Tough choices ahead as the US pushes a global artificial-intelligence divide

Though proliferation of AI models is essentially uncontrollable, the US is trying to force a split with China, pushing allies into a no-win bind

Alicia García-Herrero

Programmable sovereignty: coordinated specialisation as a response to the N-2 problem in artificial intelligence

Programmable sovereignty offers states beyond the US and China a way to reduce AI dependence through shared compute and governance capacity

Alicia García-Herrero and Soumitra Dutta

Why the EU right to consent to personal data processing doesn't work

Consent banners fail GDPR’s promise of informed choice, with fatigue, dark patterns and opaque data uses undermining real control

Bertin Martens

Europe should let the market judge China’s open AI models

Alicia García-Herrero

Europe watches AI from the sidelines

Alicia García-Herrero

The battle for the AI stack

Europe’s options for AI in the midst of US-China strategic competition

Alicia García-Herrero, Bertin Martens, Paul Triolo and Yuyun Zhan

How is the Digital Markets Act supporting AI innovation in Europe?

Fiona M. Scott Morton

Artificial-intelligence competition in Europe: the role of DMA Article 6(7)

The DMA’s Android AI access rules could curb Google’s advantage, opening Europe’s AI market to rivals and strengthening innovation incentives

Fiona M. Scott Morton

India’s best defence against an AI cut-off is a coalition it should help lead

Alicia García-Herrero and Soumitra Dutta

The AI cold war needs a nonaligned movement

Alicia García-Herrero and Soumitra Dutta

Stack battles: the US-China artificial-intelligence rivalry is moving beyond chips alone

China is challenging US leadership in both AI hardware and software, with Europe unlikely to catch up

Alicia García-Herrero and Bertin Martens

Europe and its allies must plan to offset the AI dependency risk

A sudden suspension of Anthropic’s most powerful models for non-Americans previews a world in which access to AI can be abruptly cut

Alicia García-Herrero and Soumitra Dutta