Publications

International carbon trading: a strategic lever to boost global decarbonisation

International carbon credits can support the EU’s 2040 target if buyers’ club rules and leverage ensure real mitigation gains abroad

Georg Zachmann and Annabelle Weisser

A plan for a World Trade Organization sectoral agreement on semiconductors

Trade weaponisation is straining WTO rules, but a semiconductor pact could show how to manage security risks

Petros C. Mavroidis and Mario R. Palacios

A sober look at the case for common European Union debt

More EU debt will not lower public borrowing costs or deepen markets without fiscal-union features, permanent issuance and credible fiscal backstops

Marie-Sophie Lappe and Jeromin Zettelmeyer

Beyond tariffs: why Europe and India must prioritise investment into manufacturing

Alicia García-Herrero, Rajeswari Sengupta and Nina Vujanović

Competing for inputs: how the European Union can improve critical raw materials supply security

EU critical raw materials projects fall short of self-sufficiency targets, making trade deals and targeted investment central to supply security

Madalena Barata da Rocha, Antoine Mathieu Collin and Camille Reverdy

The EU emissions trading system works but most industrial decarbonisation is still to come

Survey evidence shows regulated manufacturers respond to the EU carbon price, but want reassurance on policy direction and stringency

Debora Revoltella and Fotios Kalantzis

Calls for EU financial-rule simplification should not spill over into lower standards

EU banking rules are under pressure for simplification, but reforms should cut complexity without weakening financial safeguards

Jesper Berg and Hans Geeroms

European Union capital requirements on megabanks: the low road or the high road

EU megabanks are not facing crippling US competitive pressure, making fragmentation, regulatory complexity and crisis response the real priorities

Juan Mejino-López and Nicolas Véron

Artificial-intelligence competition in Europe: the role of DMA Article 6(7)

The DMA’s Android AI access rules could curb Google’s advantage, opening Europe’s AI market to rivals and strengthening innovation incentives

Fiona M. Scott Morton

Progress made by EU candidate countries on accession-related reforms

EU accession progress broadly tracks reform, but Montenegro’s advance and North Macedonia’s stalled talks show politics still matters

Marek Dabrowski and Maria Catarina Louro

Less focus on poverty reduction? An evaluation of the EU 2028-2034 development aid plan

European Union development aid is emphasising poverty reduction less and directing attention to other geopolitical priorities

Costanza Greppi Maturana and Niclas Poitiers

To what extent can green infrastructure investment mitigate China’s clean-energy overcapacity?

China’s green industrial strategy has outpaced demand, leaving renewables firms under strain and grid expansion as the key test of market rebalancing

Alicia García-Herrero and Haoxin Mu

Stack battles: the US-China artificial-intelligence rivalry is moving beyond chips alone

China is challenging US leadership in both AI hardware and software, with Europe unlikely to catch up

Alicia García-Herrero and Bertin Martens

Should the European Central Bank slow down quantitative tightening?

The ECB could slow down QT in response to currently tight financial conditions, but should communicate its intentions with care

Mahmood Pradhan

Buyer beware: a taxonomy of the risks of international carbon credits

As the EU reintegrates international carbon credits into its climate framework, understanding the associated risks is essential

Maximilian Fuchs, Thomas Mramor and Georg Zachmann

Green finance or financing green? Bridging the EU’s sustainable-finance and capital-market architectures

Sustainable finance rules risk becoming costly compliance unless the EU aligns disclosure with market policy and global standards

Rebecca Christie