Publications
Economic analysis and policy recommendations based on rigorous academic underpinnings
Recent publications
Europe’s emissions trading system is an ally, not an enemy, of industrial competitiveness
The 2026 review of the EU ETS must be anchored in facts and focus on the potential benefits of the system to EU competitiveness
How the global minimum tax amendments could reshape Europe’s tax incentives
This analysis offers estimates for EU countries of the possible impact of the ‘safe harbour’ update to the global minimum tax on corporate profits
Has the global minimum tax survived Trump?
US objections have not killed off the 15 percent global minimum tax, but they have altered it and given the US a competitive advantage
The Western Balkan energy sector: between Russia, the European Union and the green transition
This paper analyses energy transitions in the Western Balkans, away from dependence on Russia and towards the EU electricity market
How resilient is Russia’s economy after four years of war?
Resilience in Russia’s 2022–25 economy is fading as war spending slows growth, entrenches inflation and amplifies structural fragilities
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Publication list
Policy Brief
16 December 2024
It’s time for the European Union to rethink personal social networking
This Policy Brief explores the potential implementation of Article 7 interoperability for social networking core platform systems.
Analysis
16 December 2024
Incorporating political risk into analysis of sovereign debt sustainability
Political risk is not taken into account when assessing whether countries can manage their debts, but it could be and should be
Analysis
12 December 2024
What enlargement could imply for the European Union’s budget
The entry of nine new countries into the EU would impact the EU budget modestly while boosting national revenues for current members
Analysis
11 December 2024
Northvolt’s struggles: a cautionary tale for the EU Clean Industrial Deal
In designing a new industrial policy, the European Commission should reflect on the troubles of the Swedish battery maker
Analysis
09 December 2024
Europe’s economic challenges discussed at the European Forum Alpbach
At the 2024 forum (17-30 August 2024), Bruegel participated as a Track Reporting Partner covering the finance and economy track
Policy Brief
09 December 2024
How the European Union should respond to Trump’s tariffs
This Policy Brief focuses on possible new Trump tariffs, based on statements made by the President-elect
Policy Brief
05 December 2024
Decarbonising for competitiveness: four ways to reduce European energy prices
Energy prices are higher in the European Union than in most other industrialised economies, presenting a fundamental competitiveness challenge
Working paper
03 December 2024
Designing conditionality in the supply of European public goods
This paper studies the consequences of placing conditions on access to sources of central financing
Policy Brief
02 December 2024
An investment strategy to keep the European Green Deal on track
In this Policy Brief, we assess the investment needed to achieve the 2030 climate goal and climate neutrality by 2050
Analysis
27 November 2024
European industrial policy at a crossroads? Evidence from an expert survey
A modest experiment shows that a specialised Brussels policy audience broadly agrees with Mario Draghi’s report on EU competitiveness
Policy Brief
27 November 2024
A trade policy framework for the European Union-United Kingdom reset
A reset in the relationship between the UK and the EU is underway. This paper recommends the main elements of the reset in terms of trade
Analysis
26 November 2024
How to fill the remaining gaps in pricing the emissions of the EU’s energy-intensive industries
Free carbon allowances for EU industrial companies are being phased out, but inconsistencies remain
Report
21 November 2024
Policy Brief
20 November 2024
A European defence industrial strategy in a hostile world
Any strategy will need to take account of evolving Russian capacities, evolving political willingness and evolving defence industrial capacities
Analysis
19 November 2024
One bad Apple decision: EU tax ruling entrenches distortions
Ireland’s massive tax windfall highlights once again the pressing need for reform of profit allocation rules
Policy Brief
14 November 2024
Extra time for deforestation: lessons for future EU environmental legislation
This Policy Brief sets out why the deforestation regulation has the right objectives but needed better design and preparation for implementation
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