Working papers

A quantitative evaluation of the European Commission’s fiscal governance proposal

This paper focuses on the fiscal adjustment that the first regulation would require of countries with debt above the treaty benchmarks.

European Union debt financing: leeway and barriers from a legal perspective

The paper investigates the legal feasibility of the EU borrowing on the capital market to finance European public goods.

Competition in generative artificial intelligence foundation models

This working paper examines how competition in foundation models (FMs) works.

Globalisation and automation as sources of labour-market competition, and support for European Union unemployment insurance

The Ukrainian war economy

This paper analyses Ukraine’s war economy management and performance, according to information available in June 2023.

Section 232 reloaded: the false promise of the transatlantic ‘climate club’ for steel and aluminium

This paper sets out the EU and US perspectives on the ongoing negotiations and evaluates their initial negotiation proposals.

What should be done about Google’s quasi-monopoly in search? Mandatory data sharing versus AI-driven technological competition

This paper explores the crucial role of search engines in modern digital economies and their impact on user welfare.

What would Europeans want a European defence union to look like?

This working paper explores public support for European defence union, revealing preferred policy features and the impact of political feasibility.

China’s quest for innovation: progress and bottlenecks

We identify three potential bottlenecks that might be hindering the translation of China’s innovation efforts into productivity growth.

Antitrust issues raised by answer engines

This paper outlines some early antitrust issues related to answer engines and the response competition authorities should adopt.

A new measure of aggregate trade restrictions: cyclical drivers and macro effects

In this paper, we present a new measure of aggregate trade restrictions.

Employer perspectives on employee work location: collaboration, culture and control

Employee surveys across different countries indicate that employees prefer working remotely and do not want to return to the office full time.

Global trends in countries‘ perceptions of the Belt and Road Initiative

In this paper, we have analysed the sentiment towards the Belt and Road Initiative in the world using a large open-access dataset, namely GDELT.

Artificial intelligence adoption in the public sector: a case study

This case study illustrates the drivers of and barriers to AI adoption by organisations, and acceptance of AI by workers in the public sector.

The hidden inequalities of digitalisation in the post-pandemic context

Digital automation has affected working conditions quite broadly, beyond job loss, in several other important ways.

Pro- and anti-competitive provisions in the proposed European Union Data Act

This paper explores several pro- and anti-competitive provisions included the proposed EU Data Act.