Policy Briefs
Policy recommendations substantiated by research and analysis
Policy Briefs provide research-based policy recommendations on pressing economic challenges, written in a style that is accessible to a non-specialist audience. They aim to be as short as possible but long enough to explore a policy problem in depth (typically 4000-8000 words).
Recent Policy Briefs
Regime 0: Europe-wide incorporation for startups to kickstart innovative growth
An optional EU regime is proposed to lower barriers for high-growth startups via swift incorporation, simple governance and cross-border access
From strategy to doctrine: the next steps for European economic security
The EU needs a balanced strategy to cut reliance on the US and China while improving its capacity to counter coercive economic threats
Efficiency and distribution in the European Union’s digital deregulation push
A new framework shows how EU digital reforms must balance efficiency with transparent recognition of distributive consequences
Europe’s electricity capacity mechanisms need to be better coordinated
This paper analyses EU capacity mechanisms, their cost and security impacts, and the pros and challenges of deeper regional coordination
What can Europe learn from China’s critical-tech innovation push?
China’s rise in frontier technologies narrows its gap with the US as Europe struggles with slow replication and fragmented research
Republishing and referencing policy
Bruegel publications can be freely republished and quoted according to the Creative Commons licence CC BY-ND 4.0. Please provide a full reference, clearly stating the relevant author and including a prominent hyperlink to the original post on Bruegel’s website. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the author(s) or Bruegel endorse you or your use. Any reproduction must be unaltered and in the original language.
For any alteration (for example, translation), please contact us at [email protected]. Publication of altered content (for example, translated content) is allowed only with Bruegel’s explicit written approval.
Bruegel takes no institutional standpoint. All views expressed are the researchers’ own.
Policy Brief
10 December 2025
Regime 0: Europe-wide incorporation for startups to kickstart innovative growth
An optional EU regime is proposed to lower barriers for high-growth startups via swift incorporation, simple governance and cross-border access
Policy Brief
02 December 2025
From strategy to doctrine: the next steps for European economic security
The EU needs a balanced strategy to cut reliance on the US and China while improving its capacity to counter coercive economic threats
Policy Brief
20 November 2025
Efficiency and distribution in the European Union’s digital deregulation push
A new framework shows how EU digital reforms must balance efficiency with transparent recognition of distributive consequences
Policy Brief
18 November 2025
Europe’s electricity capacity mechanisms need to be better coordinated
This paper analyses EU capacity mechanisms, their cost and security impacts, and the pros and challenges of deeper regional coordination
Policy Brief
05 November 2025
What can Europe learn from China’s critical-tech innovation push?
China’s rise in frontier technologies narrows its gap with the US as Europe struggles with slow replication and fragmented research
Policy Brief
22 October 2025
What Germany’s medium-term fiscal plan means for Europe
EU leniency on Germany’s fiscal plan highlights rule rigidity and the need for reform to support investment
Policy Brief
13 October 2025
Europe’s dependence on US foreign military sales and what to do about it
Europe’s reliance on US arms raises autonomy concerns, as security worsens and leaders aim to cut strategic and technological dependence
Policy Brief
02 September 2025
Is Europe ready for a major banking crisis?
This Policy Brief is a reissue of a Policy Brief published by Bruegel in August 2007
Policy Brief
26 August 2025
The Blue Bond proposal
This Policy Brief is a reissue of a Policy Brief published by Bruegel in May 2010
Policy Brief
20 August 2025
No green growth without innovation
This Policy Brief is a reissue of a Policy Brief published by Bruegel in November 2009
Policy Brief
12 August 2025
Sudden stops in the euro area
This Policy Brief is a reissue of a Policy Brief published by Bruegel in March 2012
Policy Brief
07 August 2025
Globalisation and the reform of European social models
This Policy Brief is a reissue of the first Policy Brief published by Bruegel in November 2005
Policy Brief
16 July 2025
A smart European strategy for electric vehicle investment from China
Chinese EV investment aids EU decarbonisation but brings risks, needing a united EU strategy to align it with climate, industrial and security aims
Policy Brief
09 July 2025
Nature markets: how can credits and shares provide durable, additional finance?
Nature markets can boost conservation funding, but strong standards and public support are vital for lasting, equitable ecological benefits
Policy Brief
07 July 2025
The time is right to make a European Union-India trade deal happen
This Policy Brief offers a broad perspective on the EU-India trade relationship
Policy Brief
03 July 2025
Reconciling the European Union’s clean industrialisation goals with those of the Global South
Importing energy-intensive goods would be more efficient for EU clean industry goals than importing clean energy itself