European governance
Explore architectural issues facing the European Union that will fuel the policy debate for the coming years.
COVID-19 will continue to affect all aspects of our lives and by extension the economy. This resulted in a continuation of major policy measures both at EU and member-state levels to manage the health and economic crises.
At European level, the Next Generation EU programme has radically changed the way the EU finances itself, interacts with financial markets and supports national recoveries. In late April, countries began submitting their Recovery and Resilience Plans. Bruegel scholars monitor the national plans as they were submitted, providing a comprehensive dataset and a series of analyses throughout the year.
Recently published and updated
Incorporating the impact of social investments and reforms in the European Union’s new fiscal framework
This paper proposes an approach for quantifying the impact of public investments and reforms on debt sustainability
Ukraine’s path to European Union membership and its long-term implications
The war complicates the accession process, but Ukraine can work progressively towards meeting the entry conditions
The state of financial knowledge in the European Union
Financial literacy is essential in modern economies, where saving and preparing for retirement has shifted increasingly to the individual.
The EU’s ambitions: scale, strategic investments and skills
The limits of the effectiveness of EU sanctions on Russia
There is no such thing as normality
Greece paid a high price for learning that it must reform and conform. The rest of the world will pay a much higher price for its unruly politics.
The tyranny of EU treaties
It is an overdue question whether those agreements are still fit for purpose or if they must be changed.