External publication

An estimate of the European Union’s long-term borrowing cost bill

Publishing date
09 October 2023

A shortened and updated version of this European Parliament briefing is available as a Bruegel Analysis.

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Tracking Russian trade using data from the EU, China, the US, South Korea, Japan, India, the UK, Turkey, Switzerland, Norway, Brazil and Kazakhstan

Nicolas Boivin, Zsolt Darvas, Marie-Sophie Lappe, Luca Léry Moffat, Catarina Martins and Conor McCaffrey