Security

Fit for war by 2030? European rearmament vis-a-vis Russia lagging in numbers and technologies

Alexandr Burilkov, Katelyn Bushnell, Juan Mejino-López, Thomas Morgan and Guntram B. Wolff

How can Europe’s nuclear deterrence trilemma be resolved?

Uncertainty over U.S. nuclear support is forcing Europe to choose between vulnerability, shared deterrence or nuclear proliferation

Andrea Gilli and Francesco Nicoli

Defence and climate: is a common agenda possible?

How Europe’s defence sector can align to climate goals without compromising security needs

Rebecca Christie, Kädi Ristkok and Simone Tagliapietra

Forsvarsinvesteringer: Europa må danne fælles front mod Rusland

Jesper Berg

The EU-UK reset: a first, big step in the right direction

The most important outcome of the EU-UK Summit might be that it re-establishes the habit of working together

Ignacio García Bercero and Heather Grabbe

Defence and climate: seven points for a common agenda

Beyond the debated public spending trade-off between defence and climate goals lie converging interests

Simone Tagliapietra

Which countries will be pivotal for the success of EU defence funding instruments?

History shows that decisions by single EU countries can determine whether member states as a whole take up new European initiatives

Marco Buti and Marcello Messori

The proposed European Defence Mechanism: questions and answers

Answering ten questions on the proposed EDM

Jeromin Zettelmeyer, Armin Steinbach and Guntram B. Wolff

The governance and funding of European rearmament

Europe must accelerate rearmament through deeper cooperation and innovative governance to counter Russia’s aggression and shifting US policies

Guntram B. Wolff, Armin Steinbach and Jeromin Zettelmeyer

How the war in Ukraine is reshaping EU-China relations

How the war is influencing Europe’s strategic and economic ties with China and Russia

Alicia García-Herrero, Ivana Karásková, Elina Ribakova and Yuyun Zhan

Pitfalls to avoid as the EU ramps up defence investment

European Union security requires both investment in defence and decisive steps in innovation and research

Philippe Aghion, Marco Buti, Giancarlo Corsetti, Marcello Messori and André Sapir

The problem of missing European public goods from the ReArm Europe plan

Focusing on defence financing and delivery at national level risks fiscally weaker countries not increasing spending or running up unsustainable debts

Roel Beetsma, Marco Buti and Francesco Nicoli

Ukraine: European democracy’s affordable arsenal

A future enlarged EU, including Ukraine, should take full advantage of the lower-cost military production capabilities of Ukraine

Jacob Funk Kirkegaard

Thinking European first and its implications

Faced with heightened geopolitical uncertainty, the European Union should base its actions on an overarching principle of ‘thinking European first’

Kalin Anev Janse, Roel Beetsma, Marco Buti and Catherine de Vries

The choices Europe must make to secure its future

Europe at a crossroads: security, strategy, and the future of Ukraine

Rebecca Christie, Heather Grabbe and Guntram B. Wolff