Security

Industrial policy for economic security

Use the financial system to enforce export controls on Russia

Prohibition of Western tech exports to Russia is not working; rapid measures are needed to tighten up

The European defence industrial strategy: important, but raising many questions

The European defence industrial strategy helps to focus thinking but has significant flaws

What will it cost the European Union to pay its economic recovery debt?

Servicing the EU debt until 2058 seems feasible, despite increased borrowing costs, but member countries must make choices about budget funding

The Russian war economy: macroeconomic performance

The Russian economy has performed better than many expected since the war in Ukraine started, though the financial burden will be felt for some time.

Section 232 reloaded: the false promise of the transatlantic ‘climate club’ for steel and aluminium

This paper sets out the EU and US perspectives on the ongoing negotiations and evaluates their initial negotiation proposals.

Europe’s critical struggle with its economic paradigm

As the European elections approach, the main policy choices are more existential than perhaps ever before.

Germany’s Emerging War Economy

To meet the challenges of an age in which the threat of war is always present, Germany and Europe must invest heavily in military innovation.

Europe’s Quest for Energy Security and the Renewed Case for a Strong Mediterranean Green Energy Partnership

IEMed Mediterranean Yearbook 2022

Enlarging and deepening: giving substance to the European Political Community

The EPC would not be, and should not be, regarded as a substitute for EU accession, but should be designed to work as an accelerator.

Ukraine and what it means for European Union enlargement

The real issue for EU leaders when they discuss Ukraine’s application at a 23-24 June summit and beyond, is what kind of club the EU should be.

Xi, Biden switching strategies for dominance

The US now sees Asia more through an economic lens, while China shifts toward a security focus

Does the war in Ukraine call for a new Next Generation EU?

The European Union should take significant economic measures in response to the war in Ukraine, but a new Next Generation EU is not needed yet.

The European Union should sanction Sberbank and other Russian banks

EU should extend harsh sanctions to most or all of the largest Russian banks, including the largest that plays a central role in its financial system.