Security

Understanding US foreign military sales globally since 2008: an analysis of a new dataset

The paper presents a new dataset of all US Foreign Military Sales since 2008 and analyses global trends in volumes and equipment types

Juan Mejino-López, Javier Ospital and Guntram B. Wolff

The Trump–Xi summit: less a deal, more an uneasy truce

The meeting of the US and Chinese presidents in South Korea resulted in a pragmatic but precarious agreement

Alicia García-Herrero

How can Europe take greater advantage of Russia’s immobilised reserve assets?

Nicolas Véron

How can Europe stress test its reliance on US military exports?

Guntram B. Wolff

An EU reparations loan is the right way to help Ukraine

European Union countries should agree to back a clever workaround that would leave Russia’s assets untouched but leverage them to support Ukraine

Charles Lichfield and Nicolas Véron

Europe’s dependence on US foreign military sales and what to do about it

Europe’s reliance on US arms raises autonomy concerns, as security worsens and leaders aim to cut strategic and technological dependence

Juan Mejino-López and Guntram B. Wolff

Peace through strength: why Europe needs a missile deterrent

Europe should acknowledge the limitations of air defence and build up its capacity to hit back at Russia as a deterrent

Alexandr Burilkov and Guntram B. Wolff

How can Europe hold its own in a multipolar world?

Jacob Funk Kirkegaard

Geopolitical shifts and their economic impacts on Europe: Short-term risks, medium-term scenarios and policy choices

André Sapir, Jacob Funk Kirkegaard and Jeromin Zettelmeyer

The Governance and Funding of European Rearmament

Guntram B. Wolff, Armin Steinbach and Jeromin Zettelmeyer

Europe should innovate on defence, play it safe on debt

Strengthening existing safe assets should be a strategic priority for any new joint borrowing

Rebecca Christie

Who You Call When You Call Europe

Rebecca Christie

Why would European countries need to develop a joint nuclear deterrence

Francesco Nicoli