Russia

How much has the Russian budget gained from Iran-war related higher oil prices?

Russia has gained some fiscal headroom from higher oil prices, though not enough to fully offset budgetary difficulties from the Ukraine war

Marek Dabrowski

Russian foreign trade tracker

Tracking Russian trade using data from the EU, China, the US, South Korea, Japan, India, the UK, Turkey, Switzerland, Norway, Brazil and Kazakhstan

Anna Bahí, Madalena Barata da Rocha, Nicolas Boivin, Zsolt Darvas, Marie-Sophie Lappe, Luca Léry Moffat, Catarina Martins and Conor McCaffrey

The China‑Russia asymmetric partnership: Implications for Europe

Alicia García-Herrero and Elina Ribakova

Russia and China: The realignment of a complex partnership

Alicia García-Herrero

The Supplicant and the Sovereign

Alicia García-Herrero and Elina Ribakova

Russian fiscal space – In-depth analysis of Russian public debt, constraints to medium-term sustainability, and macroeconomic consequences

Marek Dabrowski

How resilient is Russia’s economy after four years of war?

Resilience in Russia’s 2022–25 economy is fading as war spending slows growth, entrenches inflation and amplifies structural fragilities

Marek Dabrowski

Ukraine talks: peace progress or dead end?

How should the EU manage negotiations with Ukraine, the US and Russia?

Rebecca Christie, Nicolas Véron and Guntram B. Wolff

How can Europe take greater advantage of Russia’s immobilised reserve assets?

Nicolas Véron

An EU reparations loan is the right way to help Ukraine

European Union countries should agree to back a clever workaround that would leave Russia’s assets untouched but leverage them to support Ukraine

Charles Lichfield and Nicolas Véron

Peace through strength: why Europe needs a missile deterrent

Europe should acknowledge the limitations of air defence and build up its capacity to hit back at Russia as a deterrent

Alexandr Burilkov and Guntram B. Wolff

How can Europe hold its own in a multipolar world?

Jacob Funk Kirkegaard

Geopolitical shifts and their economic impacts on Europe: Short-term risks, medium-term scenarios and policy choices

André Sapir, Jacob Funk Kirkegaard and Jeromin Zettelmeyer

Why Russia’s economic model no longer delivers

A contracting economy and low oil prices are signs of potential constraint on Russia’s ability to maintain its military capabilities

Benjamin Hilgenstock and Elina Ribakova

Fit for war by 2030? European rearmament vis-a-vis Russia lagging in numbers and technologies

Alexandr Burilkov, Katelyn Bushnell, Juan Mejino-López, Thomas Morgan and Guntram B. Wolff

Forsvarsinvesteringer: Europa må danne fælles front mod Rusland

Jesper Berg