Green economy

The grand energy bargain Europe needs to defeat Putin

Debt-for-Climate Swaps: Analysis, Design, and Implementation

This paper compares debt-for-climate swaps to alternative fiscal support instruments.

Climate club ‘green certificate’ would boost membership

Europe Needs a Grand Bargain on Energy

Why a “Go It Alone” Approach Will Leave Countries in the Cold This Winter

How it can be done

What would be the economic consequences of a complete halt to Russian gas imports?

Europe needs energy solidarity — not a North-South rift

The bloc must urgently implement a compensation scheme to prevent Putin from dividing member countries.

A Transatlantic Energy and Climate Pact Is Now More Necessary Than Ever

What role for China in the global refining crunch?

Despite high prices, China’s substantial spare oil refining capacity remains restricted.

An individual tax on fuel consumption is an effective, flexible and sustainable solution to combat inflation

Revisiting Europe’s energy independence

Challenges of an energy independent Europe.

A possible G7 price cap on Russian oil: issues at stake

A price cap on Russian oil might improve the current western sanctions regime, but effectiveness will depend on the west’s willingness

Legal options for a green golden rule in the European Union’s fiscal framework

European Union demand reduction needs to cope with Russian gas cuts

Without Russian gas, the European Union would have to reduce demand by approximately 15%, with big differences between different parts of Europe

Mobilising EU investors to narrow the developing-country climate-finance gap

The EU needs to address through public and private funds the lack of private climate finance to low- and middle-income countries.

A decade of economic policy

Guntram Wolff looks back at the past decade of Bruegel contribution to economic policy in Europe.

The role of competition in the transition to climate neutrality

The transition to climate neutrality requires the reallocation of production factors from polluting activities to non-polluting activities.