Germany

German pension reform: first steps along a difficult path

Despite agreement in principle on pension reform in Germany, the country still lags some EU countries in the big decisions on system sustainability

Jacob Funk Kirkegaard

German rearmament under the spotlight

Germany’s rearmament effort is laying bare its structural weaknesses in strategic, technological and operational modernisation

Guntram B. Wolff

Leading in spending, lagging in innovation: German defence procurement compared to the UK and Poland

This report shows that orders have grown rapidly in frequency, size and number since the start of Russia's full-scale invasion of Ukraine

Guntram B. Wolff, Johannes Binder and Thomas Morgan

Favorable Conditions Allow Accelerating the Renewabe Energy Transition

Wolf-Peter Schill, Nicolas Aichner and Alexander Roth

What Germany’s medium-term fiscal plan means for Europe

EU leniency on Germany’s fiscal plan highlights rule rigidity and the need for reform to support investment

Jeromin Zettelmeyer, Zsolt Darvas and Lennard Welslau

Germany’s budget vs the EU: clash coming?

Germany has amended its constitutional debt brake to free up room for much needed defence investments. How does this align with EU law?

Rebecca Christie, Armin Steinbach and Jeromin Zettelmeyer

Germany's fiscal rules dilemma

Without further reform, European Union fiscal rules could stop Germany from using the new fiscal space it has freed up for itself

Armin Steinbach and Jeromin Zettelmeyer

Can Germany afford to take most defence spending out of its debt brake?

Higher German defence spending would be fiscally sustainable, but would require cuts elsewhere and would breach EU fiscal rules

Jeromin Zettelmeyer

How to fix a staggering Germany

Federal elections expose Germany’s economic struggle

Rebecca Christie, Niclas Poitiers and Jens Suedekum

From division to unity: 35 years after the fall of the Berlin Wall

What was daily life like in Germany before and after the fall of the Berlin Wall? And how did reunification change everything?

Rebecca Christie, Marek Dabrowski, Guntram B. Wolff and Georg Zachmann

A special historical analysis: Europe’s 35-year journey since the fall of the Berlin Wall

The Berlin Wall fell on 9 November 1989, triggering huge political and economic change; the question now is whether the gains can be safeguarded

Marek Dabrowski

Fit for war in decades: sluggish German rearmament versus surging Russian defence production

It will take Germany, and Europe more generally, decades to match current Russian volumes of weapons production

Guntram B. Wolff, Alexandr Burilkov, Katelyn Bushnell and Ivan Kharitonov

Divergent economic dynamics grind down the Franco-German EU axis

France must face up finally to its fiscal failings – and can no longer rely on German indulgence

Marco Buti and Marcello Messori

Four questions for Germany’s big hydrogen power plan

Germany’s hydrogen strategy will have ripples across Europe and should be discussed more widely

Ben McWilliams and Georg Zachmann

Stronger together: public preferences for different European defence cooperation designs

Research suggests most Europeans would support a significant uptick in EU defence integration.

Francesco Nicoli

A new opening for Polish-German energy relations

The change of government in Poland and the Russian aggression in Ukraine provide an opportunity for a new opening for Polish-German energy relations.

Agata Łoskot-Strachota and Georg Zachmann