Topics
Bruegel researchers tackle a range of economic topics and issues, grouped across wider topics which cover the breadth of our expertise.
Climate change
Concessional climate finance: the Bridgetown Initiative
Energy crisis: five questions that must be answered in 2023
Here’s how researchers can help overcome the threats arising from market turmoil and geopolitical realignment after Russia’s invasion of Ukraine.
Energy
Preparing for the next winter: Europe’s gas outlook for 2023
We explore in detail the two pillars of energy security: LNG supply and the nature and volume of natural-gas demand reductions.
European natural gas imports
European natural gas demand tracker
COVID-19
The hidden inequalities of digitalisation in the post-pandemic context
Digital automation has affected working conditions quite broadly, beyond job loss, in several other important ways.
European Union countries’ recovery and resilience plans
Ukraine
Germany’s Emerging War Economy
To meet the challenges of an age in which the threat of war is always present, Germany and Europe must invest heavily in military innovation.
Enlarging and deepening: giving substance to the European Political Community
The EPC would not be, and should not be, regarded as a substitute for EU accession, but should be designed to work as an accelerator.
Ukraine and what it means for European Union enlargement
The real issue for EU leaders when they discuss Ukraine’s application at a 23-24 June summit and beyond, is what kind of club the EU should be.
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Policy brief
08 July 2021
The risks from climate change to sovereign debt in Europe
European Union institutions and national fiscal authorities should incorporate climate risk in debt sustainability analysis.
Policy brief
01 July 2021
Commercialisation contracts: European support for low-carbon technology deployment
We outline the case for ‘commercialisation contracts’ (a form of carbon contracts for difference) to provide this transparent competition.
Working paper
15 June 2021
Platform mergers and antitrust
This paper sets out a framework for addressing competition concerns arising from acquisitions in big platform ecosystems. This is a June 2021 update
Working paper
15 June 2021
Stability of collusion and quality differentiation: a Nash bargaining approach
How do incentives to collude depend on how asymmetric firms are? For low levels of differentiation, an increase in quality difference makes collusion
Policy brief
09 June 2021
Blending the physical and virtual: a hybrid model for the future of work
The pandemic has shown that many workers can efficiently work remotely, with benefits for wellbeing and even productivity.
Policy brief
07 June 2021
Europe should not neglect its capital markets union
The European Union’s capital markets remain very underdeveloped compared to the United States.
Policy brief
26 May 2021
How difficult is China's business environment for European and American companies?
This Policy Contribution has a purposefully narrow focus, ie China’s business practices and their effects on western firms.
Policy brief
20 May 2021
The great COVID-19 divergence: managing a sustainable and equitable recovery in the European Union
Policymakers must act to prevent lasting divergence within the EU and to prevent scarring from the fallout from the pandemic.
Working paper
10 May 2021
Research and innovation policies and productivity growth
Can research and innovation policies power growth? The answer currently can only be a timid yes.
Working paper
04 May 2021
Reducing mobility of SARS-CoV-2 variants to safeguard containment
Stopping a new variant from entering from abroad, would facilitate containment and limit the human, social and economic costs.
Policy brief
03 May 2021
Accounting for climate policies in Europe’s sovereign debt market
Sovereign debt will be vital in stimulating sustainable investment, but information is lacking on how green public spending actually is.
Policy brief
13 April 2021
Is the European Union’s investment agreement with China underrated?
The European Union-China Comprehensive Agreement on Investment binds Chinese liberalisation of its foreign investment regulations under an internation
Policy brief
31 March 2021
Navigating through hydrogen
Policymakers must address the need to displace carbon-intensive hydrogen with low-carbon hydrogen, and incentivise the uptake of hydrogen.
Working paper
30 March 2021
The unequal inequality impact of the COVID-19 pandemic
Less-educated workers have suffered most from job losses in the COVID-19 pandemic, and it is quite likely there was a significant increase in European
Working paper
23 March 2021
Interest in European matters: a glass three-quarters full?
Everything that increases the interest of European citizens in the EU will serve to move the EU closer to its citizens.
Policy brief
10 March 2021
Low interest rates in Europe and the US: one trend, two stories
Interest rates have been on a long-term decline, associated with declining productivity growth.