An analysis of central bank decision-making

Bank of England MPC celebrates 25 years and we use this occasion to compare its decision-making process to that of the ECB

Russian crude oil tracker

European Union demand reduction needs to cope with Russian gas cuts

Without Russian gas, the European Union would have to reduce demand by approximately 15%, with big differences between different parts of Europe

Central banks have been too slow in responding to higher inflation

Tackling inflation requires monetary and fiscal policy tightening. It should be done quickly to avoid building up inflationary inertia & stagflation

Mobilising EU investors to narrow the developing-country climate-finance gap

The EU needs to address through public and private funds the lack of private climate finance being channelled to low- and middle-income countries

How rate increases could impact debt ratios in the euro area’s most-indebted countries

Debt-to-GDP ratios should continue to fall in euro-area countries despite rising interest rates, post 2023 the situation might vary across countries