The role of competition in the transition to climate neutrality

The transition to climate neutrality requires the reallocation of production factors from polluting activities to non-polluting activities.

The implications for public debt of high inflation and monetary tightening

Expected increases in interest rates and reductions in real GDP growth rates will result in relatively small increases in public debt-to-GDP ratios.

How can the European Union adapt to climate change?

A stronger adaptation governance framework would benefit adaptation efforts.

Ukraine and what it means for European Union enlargement

The real issue for EU leaders when they discuss Ukraine’s application at a 23-24 June summit and beyond, is what kind of club the EU should be.

Discretion lets Croatia in but leaves Bulgaria out of the euro area in 2023

Crucial decisions about whether a country can join the euro area depend on questionable discretionary decisions.

How to make the EU Energy Platform an effective emergency tool

The platform could become an effective emergency tool to safeguard Europe’s gas supply, but policymakers need to address challenges to make it work.

The fiscal response to the economic fallout from the coronavirus

Bruegel electricity tracker of COVID-19 lockdown effects

European Union countries’ recovery and resilience plans