Sparking Europe’s new industrial revolution: A policy for net zero, growth and resilience

This book assesses what must be done to implement industrial policy in a way that will achieve overarching goals while minimising distortions.

The Listing Act: no more than a minor boost to EU equity markets

Streamlining of the company listing process is welcome, but more fundamental reform is needed to revive the European Union’s flagging equity markets.

National fiscal policy responses to the energy crisis

Rebooting the European Union’s Net Zero Industry Act

China's growing and complex economic relationship with the Gulf States

Can Chinese growth defy gravity?

This paper discusses China’s growth for the next two decades, identifying the main challenges and factors that could mitigate its deceleration.

The value added of central bank digital currencies: a view from the euro area

Central bank digital currencies do have added value, but this is not the same for every country.

Debt dynamics: Exploring EU borrowing in changing times

As interest costs rise, the EU should review how they are accounted for in its budget and financial framework.

The rising cost of European Union borrowing and what to do about it

Interest rates on the EU debt have risen substantially since 2022: what are the main drivers and implications and what to do about it?