
Publications
Bruegel's publications provide economic analysis that is accessible, and policy recommendations based on the most rigorous academic underpinnings.
Recent publications

COP28: key issues at stake and indicators of success
COP28 must convey the importance to governments of better integrating climate considerations into financial decision-making.

Compliance principles for the Digital Markets Act
This paper proposes an original set of five compliance principles derived from the DMA list of obligations.

The massive value of European Union cross-border electricity transmission
High values for cross-border electricity transmission capacity show the EU needs more connections between countries.

Digital Market Act designations: the interoperability of Google Android
The European Commission has taken an intelligent first step in enabling competition to Google Android and Google Play Services

The ‘pay-or-consent’ challenge for platform regulators
Users expect online services to be free but some digital firms are now offering pay-or-consent options, affecting competition dynamics.
Publication list
Policy brief
28 June 2023
The EU can manage without Russian liquified natural gas
How can the European Union achieve its target of eliminating all Russian fossil-fuel imports by 2027?
Analysis
26 June 2023
The Listing Act: no more than a minor boost to EU equity markets
Streamlining of the company listing process is welcome, but more fundamental reform is needed to revive the European Union’s flagging equity markets.
Policy brief
22 June 2023
Working paper
21 June 2023
China’s quest for innovation: progress and bottlenecks
We identify three potential bottlenecks that might be hindering the translation of China’s innovation efforts into productivity growth.
Policy brief
20 June 2023
Can Chinese growth defy gravity?
This paper discusses China’s growth for the next two decades, identifying the main challenges and factors that could mitigate its deceleration.
Working paper
13 June 2023
Antitrust issues raised by answer engines
This paper outlines some early antitrust issues related to answer engines and the response competition authorities should adopt.
Policy brief
12 June 2023
The value added of central bank digital currencies: a view from the euro area
Central bank digital currencies do have added value, but this is not the same for every country.
Analysis
06 June 2023
Between a rock and a hard place: the EU response to national import bans on Ukrainian grain
The European Commission had to choose between imperfect alternatives because of frontline state backlash against massive Ukrainian grain imports.
Analysis
05 June 2023
European public opinion remains supportive of Ukraine
Public support for Ukraine is holding up in allied countries, but preparations should be made for scenarios in which support ebbs away.
Working paper
01 June 2023
A new measure of aggregate trade restrictions: cyclical drivers and macro effects
In this paper, we present a new measure of aggregate trade restrictions.
Policy brief
31 May 2023
The rising cost of European Union borrowing and what to do about it
Interest rates on the EU debt have risen substantially since 2022: what are the main drivers and implications and what to do about it?
Working paper
30 May 2023
Employer perspectives on employee work location: collaboration, culture and control
Employee surveys across different countries indicate that employees prefer working remotely and do not want to return to the office full time.
Policy brief
17 May 2023
Adjusting to the energy shock: the right policies for European industry
In its industrial strategy response, the EU must ask if the energy-intensive parts of the value chain should be outsourced permanently.
Analysis
17 May 2023
Cleantech manufacturing: where does Europe really stand?
A single European Union cleantech manufacturing capacity target should be based on an understanding of the situation in each cleantech sector
Analysis
09 May 2023
The problem with preferential trade agreements
Preferential agreements can be an alternative to a sclerotic WTO, but, if multilateral rules fail, they also risk conflict between trading blocs
Analysis
04 May 2023
Fiscal rule legislative proposal: what has changed, what has not, what is unclear?
The proposed new fiscal rules constitute a major improvement from the current fiscal framework but missed an opportunity to foster green investment.
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