Publications

The EU can manage without Russian liquified natural gas

How can the European Union achieve its target of eliminating all Russian fossil-fuel imports by 2027?

The Listing Act: no more than a minor boost to EU equity markets

Streamlining of the company listing process is welcome, but more fundamental reform is needed to revive the European Union’s flagging equity markets.

Rebooting the European Union’s Net Zero Industry Act

China’s quest for innovation: progress and bottlenecks

We identify three potential bottlenecks that might be hindering the translation of China’s innovation efforts into productivity growth.

Can Chinese growth defy gravity?

This paper discusses China’s growth for the next two decades, identifying the main challenges and factors that could mitigate its deceleration.

Antitrust issues raised by answer engines

This paper outlines some early antitrust issues related to answer engines and the response competition authorities should adopt.

The value added of central bank digital currencies: a view from the euro area

Central bank digital currencies do have added value, but this is not the same for every country.

Between a rock and a hard place: the EU response to national import bans on Ukrainian grain

The European Commission had to choose between imperfect alternatives because of frontline state backlash against massive Ukrainian grain imports.

European public opinion remains supportive of Ukraine

Public support for Ukraine is holding up in allied countries, but preparations should be made for scenarios in which support ebbs away.

A new measure of aggregate trade restrictions: cyclical drivers and macro effects

In this paper, we present a new measure of aggregate trade restrictions.

The rising cost of European Union borrowing and what to do about it

Interest rates on the EU debt have risen substantially since 2022: what are the main drivers and implications and what to do about it?

Employer perspectives on employee work location: collaboration, culture and control

Employee surveys across different countries indicate that employees prefer working remotely and do not want to return to the office full time.

Adjusting to the energy shock: the right policies for European industry

In its industrial strategy response, the EU must ask if the energy-intensive parts of the value chain should be outsourced permanently.

Cleantech manufacturing: where does Europe really stand?

A single European Union cleantech manufacturing capacity target should be based on an understanding of the situation in each cleantech sector

The problem with preferential trade agreements

Preferential agreements can be an alternative to a sclerotic WTO, but, if multilateral rules fail, they also risk conflict between trading blocs

Fiscal rule legislative proposal: what has changed, what has not, what is unclear?

The proposed new fiscal rules constitute a major improvement from the current fiscal framework but missed an opportunity to foster green investment.