Publications

Can working solo be good for entrepreneurs?

The self-employed are a diverse group, but they can help us better understand the drivers of well-being at work and help design better policies.

Mapping banking centres globally since 1970

Legal options for a green golden rule in the European Union’s fiscal framework

An analysis of central bank decision-making

Bank of England MPC celebrates 25 years and we use this occasion to compare its decision-making process to that of the ECB

European Union demand reduction needs to cope with Russian gas cuts

Without Russian gas, the European Union would have to reduce demand by approximately 15%, with big differences between different parts of Europe

Mobilising EU investors to narrow the developing-country climate-finance gap

The EU needs to address through public and private funds the lack of private climate finance to low- and middle-income countries.

How rate increases could impact debt ratios in the euro area’s most-indebted countries

Debt-to-GDP ratios should continue to fall in euro-area countries despite rising interest rates, post 2023 the situation might vary across countries

The role of competition in the transition to climate neutrality

The transition to climate neutrality requires the reallocation of production factors from polluting activities to non-polluting activities.

The implications for public debt of high inflation and monetary tightening

Expected increases in interest rates and reductions in real GDP growth rates will result in relatively small increases in public debt-to-GDP ratios.

How can the European Union adapt to climate change?

A stronger adaptation governance framework would benefit adaptation efforts.

A new kind of Belt and Road Initiative after the pandemic

The Belt and Road Initiative is turning from infrastructure financing into an instrument for Chinese soft and hard power.

Discretion lets Croatia in but leaves Bulgaria out of the euro area in 2023

Crucial decisions about whether a country can join the euro area depend on questionable discretionary decisions.

A new European tool to deal with unjustified rising spreads

The ECB needs a new tool to prevent the current rise in spreads, triggered by monetary policy tightening, from escalating into a new euro-area crisis.

Measuring macroeconomic uncertainty during the euro’s lifetime

We draw out four indicators of macroeconomic uncertainty, measured over the lifetime of the euro.

How to make the EU Energy Platform an effective emergency tool

The platform could become an effective emergency tool to safeguard Europe’s gas supply, but policymakers need to address challenges to make it work.

COVID-19 and the shift to remote work

Hybrid arrangements in which part of the week is spent at the office, and part at home, are likely to become the norm.