Working papers
Long-form papers with original research methodologies that lay academic foundations to address policy issues
Working papers
Economic arguments in favour of reducing copyright protection for generative AI inputs and outputs
The licensing of training inputs slows down economic growth compared to what it could be with competitive and high-quality GenAI
The rocky road to EU accession for Western Balkan countries: obstacles and lessons from the Eastern Partnership
The three eastern European states had practically no waiting time before being accepted as candidate countries right after application
Incorporating the impact of social investments and reforms in the European Union’s new fiscal framework
This paper proposes an approach for quantifying the impact of public investments and reforms on debt sustainability
Exposure to generative artificial intelligence in the European labour market
Women, highly educated and younger workers are more exposed to generative AI. Policy can intervene on both the labour supply and labour demand side
Global supply chains: lessons from a decade of disruption
This paper revisits the effects of three shocks on the functioning of global supply chains.
Working paper
08 April 2019
Europe in the midst of China-US strategic competition: What are the European Union's options?
With the trade conflict between the United States and China bringing China-US strategic competition into the open, the European Union faces an urgent
Working paper
19 February 2019
Greening monetary policy
The author proposes a tilting approach to steer the allocation of the Eurosystem’s assets and collateral towards low-carbon sectors, which would reduc
Working paper
06 February 2019
Countries’ perceptions of China’s Belt and Road Initiative: A big data analysis
Drawing on a global database of media articles, the authors quantitatively assess perceptions of China’s Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) in different c
Working paper
21 June 2018
EU financial services policy since 2007: crisis, responses and prospects
This paper presents a holistic overview and assessment of the European Union (EU)’s financial services policy since the start of its financial crisis
Working paper
07 June 2018
European and Chinese trade competition in third markets: the case of Latin America
While Europe continues to hold important trade powers, the rise of China in the global economy has significantly reshaped international trade and comp
Working paper
17 May 2018
How big is China’s digital economy?
The rise of influential Chinese digital giants, including Baidu, Alibaba, Tencent and Xiaomi has shown the world that China is a global leader in digi
Working paper
26 April 2018
State contingent debt as insurance for euro-area sovereigns
Since the financial crisis, EU countries' economies have recovered to the point that they are exiting their adjustment programmes. Institutional stabi
Working paper
18 April 2018
The impact of industrial robots on EU employment and wages: A local labour market approach
In theory, robots can directly displace workers from performing specific tasks (displacement effect). But they can also expand labour demand through t
Working paper
24 January 2018
Will macroprudential policy counteract monetary policy’s effects on financial stability?
This paper models monetary policy's transmission to bank risk taking, and its interaction with a regulator s optimization problem.
Working paper
29 November 2017
Returns on foreign assets and liabilities: exorbitant privileges and stabilising adjustments
Large stock of foreign assets and liabilities could foster international risk diversification. US, British and Japanese investors earn high yields on
Working paper
20 April 2017
Regional and global financial safety nets: the recent European experience and its implications for regional cooperation in Asia
Comparing and evaluating financial assistance programmes of four euro-area countries (Greece, Ireland, Portugal, and Cyprus) and three non-euro-area c
Working paper
11 April 2017
The political economy of Middle East and North Africa oil exporters in times of global decarbonisation
Middle East and North Africa (MENA) oil exporting countries are still not adequately equipped to prosper in a decarbonising world. Decarbonisation sho
Working paper
10 April 2017
From start-up to scale-up: examining public policies for the financing of high-growth ventures
What are the challenges of financing scale-ups, and how can long-term public policies support the creation of a better scale-up environment?
Working paper
30 March 2017
Divorce settlement or leaving the club? A breakdown of the Brexit bill
To bring transparency to the debate on the Brexit bill and to foster a quick agreement, the authors of this Working Paper make a comprehensive attempt
Working paper
06 March 2017
Institutional investors and home bias in Europe’s Capital Markets Union
Zsolt Darvas and Dirk Schoenmaker find strong support for the hypothesis that the larger the assets managed by institutional investors, the smaller th
Working paper
28 February 2017
Fundamental uncertainty and unconventional monetary policy: an info-gap approach
This paper applies the info-gap approach to the unconventional monetary policy of the Eurosystem and so takes into account the fundamental uncertainty
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