Trade policy

Defining the new strategic direction for European Union trade policy

A turbulent January exposed EU trade strengths and fissures, demanding rapid anti-coercion action and smarter leverage of trade deals

Ignacio García Bercero

European and Chinese exports kept growing despite the 2025 Trump trade shock

Diversification has kept global trade strong, despite Trump’s tariffs and accelerated US-China decoupling

Zsolt Darvas and Marie-Sophie Lappe

Growth without profits: how will ‘involution’ in China end?

China’s involution drives price wars and misallocation as even laggards slash prices, propping up zombie firms and stoking trade tensions

Alicia García-Herrero and Jianwei Xu

What can Europe learn from Trump’s Greenland tariff threats?

Niclas Poitiers

China’s Yuan and Europe’s industry: a growing imbalance

How exchange rates, overcapacity and price divergence are reshaping EU–China trade and why Europe may need new policy tools

Alicia García-Herrero, Jürgen Matthes and Yuyun Zhan

The end of the Turnberry truce: how the EU should react to US coercion over Greenland

The EU should be prepared to hit back against US economic pressure, deploying trade and anti-coercion measures

Ignacio García Bercero

The Nexperia crisis: a wake-up call for Europe’s approach to Chinese investment

Alicia García-Herrero

What turned 2025 into a year of better averages and bigger challenges?

Jeromin Zettelmeyer

Resource Productivity: Europe’s Overlooked Route to Economic Security

Heather Grabbe

What can Europe do to mitigate economic security risks?

Ignacio García Bercero

From strategy to doctrine: the next steps for European economic security

The EU needs a balanced strategy to cut reliance on the US and China while improving its capacity to counter coercive economic threats

Ignacio García Bercero and Niclas Poitiers

A first step in coalition building to reform the global trading system

Two of the world’s major trading blocs have signalled their willingness to work to repair a system undermined by the US and China

Ignacio García Bercero

The case for delaying the application of the EU’s carbon border levy to electricity

The inclusion of electricity in CBAM creates more problems than it solves; ways should be found to exempt it

Ben McWilliams, Rouven Stubbe and Georg Zachmann