Trade policy

To what extent can green infrastructure investment mitigate China’s clean-energy overcapacity?

China’s green industrial strategy has outpaced demand, leaving renewables firms under strain and grid expansion as the key test of market rebalancing

Alicia García-Herrero and Haoxin Mu

Europe's China shock 2.0

A record surplus, a fractured response and the limits of Brussels' ambitions

Alicia García-Herrero, Philippe Le Corre and Yuyun Zhan

The energy shock for which there is no playbook

The US-Iran conflict may be ending but coping with its inflation and fiscal consequences will be challenging for months ahead

Gene Frieda

The UK is still not ready for real rapprochement with the European Union

The EU-UK relationship remains difficult and the idea of UK participation in the EU single market for goods shows the UK still wants to cherry pick

Jesper Berg, Rebecca Christie and Hans Geeroms

Europe must prepare for a possible oil supply crunch

With falling commercial and emergency oil reserves, Europe’s oil price shock could soon become a volume crisis – a scenario for which it must prepare

Thomas Mramor, Alexander Roth, Simone Tagliapietra and Georg Zachmann

To achieve tech sovereignty, Europe must not mimic its rivals

To cut its dependence on US and Chinese tech, Europe is copying their protectionism: raising costs, inviting retaliation and missing the real fix

Mario Mariniello

China's caution on the war in Iran is improving its strategic position in the Middle East

Alicia García-Herrero

How do trade restrictiveness and trade policy uncertainty affect FDI? An empirical investigation

Rising trade barriers and uncertainty are choking FDI inflows, hitting low and middle-income investors hardest in a fragmented global economy

Hites Ahir, Luca Bettarelli, Davide Furceri, Francesco Frangiamore, Jonathan D. Ostry and Francesco Scianna

How trade constraints and confusion imperil FDI

Trade restrictions and uncertainty hurt foreign direct investment more than previously thought, showing the value of predictability in trade policy

Jonathan D. Ostry

A plan to revitalise the World Trade Organization

Saving the WTO will require EU-led alliances, better subsidy disciplines and new plurilateral routes, even if some initiatives sit outside the WTO

Ignacio García Bercero

China’s anti-dumping investigation on pork imports from Europe: a calibrated retaliation

Alicia García-Herrero and Théo Storella

How can Europe lead a ‘coalition of the middle powers’?

Niclas Poitiers

Challenges to the integration of the Western Balkans into European Union supply chains

Western Balkan EU integration has deepened, yet rising non-tariff barriers and new EU rules keep trade costs high despite zero tariffs

Madalena Barata da Rocha, Niclas Poitiers and Nina Vujanović