Technology

Who pays when digital money cannot earn interest?

Ulrich Bindseil

Freyja and the making of a European defence industry

More structured and scaled-up defence cooperation, backed with EU funding, will benefit both Europe and Ukraine

Elina Ribakova, Nataliia Shapoval and Guntram B. Wolff

Europe’s electrification and industrial competitiveness

Bruegel Deputy Director Simone Tagliapietra spoke at the informal meeting of EU energy ministers, in a session on innovation and market design

Simone Tagliapietra

Europe should stop banning interest on digital money

Non-remuneration in the EU of e-money and the digital euro lacks an economic basis, burdens less-wealthy households and is increasingly circumvented

Ulrich Bindseil

Remunerating means of payment

Non-remuneration of digital money acts as a distortionary tax, making EU bans on interest for e-money and stablecoins hard to defend

Ulrich Bindseil

Europe still needs to do more to provide real artificial intelligence reassurance

European Union AI rules are built around pre-market risk assessment; more supervision and liability are also needed to deal with post-deployment harm

Mario Mariniello

How can Europe address its pressing AI compute infrastructure shortfall?

Europe’s AI compute gap will not close through capital alone, making faster permits, grid access and output-side sovereignty tools essential

Bertin Martens and Tillman Schenk

China’s artificial intelligence goals and strategic choices for Europe

China’s AI strategy pairs domestic control with global diffusion, aiming to lead innovation, standards and governance on its own terms

Alicia García-Herrero and Théo Storella

Tough choices ahead as the US pushes a global artificial-intelligence divide

Though proliferation of AI models is essentially uncontrollable, the US is trying to force a split with China, pushing allies into a no-win bind

Alicia García-Herrero

European Clean Tech Atlas

The Atlas tracks Europe's clean-tech transformation, showing how adoption, investment and industrial change are unfolding across the continent

Hèctor Badenes Rodríguez, Benjamin Bjerkan-Wade, Marie Jugé, Ugnė Keliauskaitė, Ben McWilliams and Simone Tagliapietra

Programmable sovereignty: coordinated specialisation as a response to the N-2 problem in artificial intelligence

Programmable sovereignty offers states beyond the US and China a way to reduce AI dependence through shared compute and governance capacity

Alicia García-Herrero and Soumitra Dutta

Why the EU right to consent to personal data processing doesn't work

Consent banners fail GDPR’s promise of informed choice, with fatigue, dark patterns and opaque data uses undermining real control

Bertin Martens

The billionaire paradox

The EU should ask what it wants from globally influential tech magnates, not just how to curb them

Rebecca Christie

Billionaires? In this economy?

How has great wealth transformed society and economic policy in the US and Europe?

Rebecca Christie, David de Jong and Karel Lannoo