Industrial policy

Should the European Union’s fiscal rules bend to accommodate the defence transition?

EU debt rules should not be changed to exempt increased defence spending, but some flexibility could be considered

Making the most of the new EU Clean Trade and Investment Partnerships

With the right governance, proposed EU Clean Trade and Investment Partnerships could boost clean industrialisation domestically and globally

European Union duties on electric vehicles point to new era of EU-China relations

The EU's move to introduce tariffs on Chinese EVs is surprising given the bloc's main dependence on imports

The European Commission’s duties on Chinese electric vehicles are a mistake

An EU duty on electric cars from China overstates the problem and will do more harm than good

Less complacency, more investment: a European defence procurement strategy would be cheaper

It is time for decision-makers to consider bold steps to strengthen European defence

Fit for war in decades: sluggish German rearmament versus surging Russian defence production

It will take Germany, and Europe more generally, decades to match current Russian volumes of weapons production

Draghi’s pitch to improve the competitiveness of energy-intensive industry

The Draghi report calls for policies to cut energy costs, but would also favour energy-intensive industry without clear justification

The Draghi report and competition policy

The long-awaited Draghi report is a boost to robust competition enforcement

Draghi’s industrial masterplan has decarbonisation at its core

The report represents a solid basis for the development of an EU Clean Industrial Deal

Memo to the commissioner responsible for defence

Memo to the commissioner responsible for the internal market

Memo to the commissioner responsible for trade

What role do imports play in European defence?

The European Union wants to reduce reliance on imported defence equipment, but the reliance seems to be overstated

Evolution, challenges and strategies for EU's green industrial policy