Geopolitics

Could a Hormuz toll solve the oil crisis and who pays?

With a return to the pre-Iran conflict energy status quo unlikely, a Hormuz toll may be the next best option – but Gulf states would pay the most

Guntram B. Wolff

Europe Is Stuck With America

Jacob Funk Kirkegaard

Europe’s Untapped Arsenal

Elina Ribakova

How Europe should respond to the Iran gas shock – and how it shouldn’t

The European Union should act now to head off growing impacts from the Iran conflict on gas prices and availability

Ugnė Keliauskaitė, Ben McWilliams, Thomas Mramor, Alexander Roth, Simone Tagliapietra and Georg Zachmann

Montenegro’s power connection to the EU

How do Montenegro and the Western Balkans manage electricity, CBAM and the green transition?

Rebecca Christie, Admir Šahmanović, Rouven Stubbe and Nina Vujanović

The costs and failures of air defence in the Iran conflict and what they mean for Europe

Shoring up Europe’s defensive capabilities needs to focus on cheap interceptors and offensive capability to target military industries

Alexandr Burilkov and Guntram B. Wolff

Stuck in the Middle Again

Europe is up against too many crises and with too little time to prepare

Rebecca Christie

What the war in Iran means for China

China is relatively inured to the Iran conflict, but less external demand could hit its exports and its international partnerships may be undermined

Alicia García-Herrero

Europe should build on France’s nuclear deterrent extension offer

Though not a proper European deterrent, a nuclear strategy partnership between France and other countries marks a new phase as the US wavers

Francesco Nicoli and Lucio Pench

How much leverage does US energy give Washington over Europe?

Ugnė Keliauskaitė

Dependence on fossil fuels, not on the United States, is Europe’s worry

The US has replaced Russia to a great extent as an energy supplier to the European Union, but this has not so far created a new vulnerability

Ugnė Keliauskaitė, Ben McWilliams and Georg Zachmann

What lessons can Ukraine learn from the Gulf?

Jacob Funk Kirkegaard

Reforming European defence procurement to boost military innovation and startups

European defence procurement practices must evolve to embrace innovative startups and small firms, in order to meet modern battlefield needs

Ethan Kapstein, Javier Ospital and Guntram B. Wolff