Euro area

Euro-area monetary policy in a more shock-prone world

Ravi Balakrishnan

Disaster risk in euro-area bond markets

What investment funds tell us about euro-zone fragility

Rebecca Christie, Christoph Kaufmann and Stavros Zenios

Sudden stops in the euro area

This Policy Brief is a reissue of a Policy Brief published by Bruegel in March 2012

Silvia Merler and Jean Pisani-Ferry

When Greece was on the brink of euro exit: disaster averted, lessons learned

There are good arguments for greater European integration, but it must be built on trust, not spun out of crisis

Marco Buti, Klaus Regling and Thomas Wieser

Accidental Neoliberalism: Democratic Accountability in the Making of the Euro, 1957–92

Emmanuel Mourlon-Druol

Lessons for the European Central Bank from the 2021-2023 inflationary episode

This paper reflects on these developments ahead of the ECB’s 2025 monetary policy review

Pablo Hernández de Cos

Greece's debt crisis: a decade of resilience

Ten years after: economic growth, political change and the path forward for Greece

Rebecca Christie, George Papaconstantinou and Eleni Varvitsioti

On the digital euro holding limits

The plan for a retail digital euro holding limit, combined with a ‘waterfall approach’ to smooth transactions, sets up an apparent clash of objectives

Maria Demertzis and Juan Mejino-López

Divergent economic dynamics grind down the Franco-German EU axis

France must face up finally to its fiscal failings – and can no longer rely on German indulgence

Marco Buti and Marcello Messori

EU savers need a single-market place to invest

Proposals to leverage the single market to boost retail investment could lead to a product citizens will trust

Rebecca Christie, Conor McCaffrey and David Pinkus

A tale of two treatises: the Werner and Delors Reports and the birth of the euro

Focusing on the Werner and Delors Reports, this essay aims to capture key ideas and debates, giving a chronological overview of the EMU process

Ivo Maes

Ten years of Europe’s banking union

How far along is Europe’s banking union, and what is next?

Rebecca Christie, Nicolas Véron and Harald Waiglein

Ukraine’s future with the EU

What happens after the start of Ukraine's official accession talk?

Rebecca Christie, Zsolt Darvas and Heather Grabbe

The US and euro area must move faster on their digital currencies for wholesale purposes

Maria Demertzis and Josh Lipsky

The value added of central bank digital currencies: a view from the euro area

Central bank digital currencies do have added value, but this is not the same for every country.

Maria Demertzis and Catarina Martins

Holdings limit will prove central to the digital euro’s future

The European Central Bank says its digital currency will not be a store of value, in contrast to global counterparts.

Rebecca Christie