Eu budget

How much does Europe pay for clean air?

Despite major progress, the cost of air pollution is still huge for the European Union

Miquel Oliu-Barton and Juan Mejino-López

Tough trade-offs: the big strategic issues for the next EU term

Three overarching economic policy trade-offs will set the context for the new Commission from the beginning of its mandate

Marco Buti and Marcello Messori

European Union debt will boost air defense

Guntram B. Wolff

European Union debt to boost European air defence

European Union borrowing could help fund air defence for the continent, while taking pressure off national defence budgets

Guntram B. Wolff

Three risks that must be addressed for new European Union fiscal rules to succeed

The reform, completed in April 2024, left implementation unaddressed, or at least open to very different potential outcomes

Lucio Pench

The impact on the European Union of Ukraine’s potential future accession

This report evaluates the impact on the EU of a possible EU accession of Ukraine, focusing on economic consequences and institutional developments.

Zsolt Darvas, Marek Dabrowski, Heather Grabbe, Luca Léry Moffat, André Sapir and Georg Zachmann

Broader border taxes: a new option for European Union budget resources

The purpose of this paper is to review the Commission’s proposal and to contribute new ideas for ‘genuine’ own resources

Pascal Saint-Amans

To become a geopolitical player the European Union needs Treaty change

The EU will never become a serious geopolitical player without reducing national veto power.

Marek Dabrowski

Assessing the Ecofin compromise on fiscal rules reform

The compromise reached by the Ecofin Council is imperfect. But it is still a big step forward.

Jeromin Zettelmeyer

When will the European Union finally get the budget it needs?

The EU budget needs radical reform, but certain conditions must be in place for it to succeed.

Marco Buti

Debt dynamics: Exploring EU borrowing in changing times

As interest costs rise, the EU should review how they are accounted for in its budget and financial framework.

Grégory Claeys, Maria Demertzis and Conor McCaffrey

The rising cost of European Union borrowing and what to do about it

Interest rates on the EU debt have risen substantially since 2022: what are the main drivers and implications and what to do about it?

Grégory Claeys, Conor McCaffrey and Lennard Welslau

How should the EU deal with its rising borrowing costs?

Grégory Claeys

Testimony to the European Parliament Budget Committee on EU borrowing costs

Rebecca Christie

Bank of Russia’s immobilised assets: what happens next?

Maria Demertzis

European Union countries’ recovery and resilience plans

Zsolt Darvas, Marta Domínguez-Jiménez, Ashling Devins, Monika De Ridder (Grzegorczyk), Lionel Guetta-Jeanrenaud, Surya Hendry, Mia Hoffmann, Klaas Lenaerts, Tom Schraepen, Alkiviadis Tzaras, Victor Vorsatz, Pauline Weil and Lennard Welslau