Defence

Can defence investment be sustainable? The European Commission thinks so

European Commission guidance on defence investment and sustainability could ease reputational concerns for investors

Silvia Merler

How Europe can live with NATO’s ill-conceived defence spending target

A joint approach to defence as a European public good is the only viable option for EU countries to spend 5% of GDP on defence

Roel Beetsma, Marco Buti and Francesco Nicoli

Why would European countries need to develop a joint nuclear deterrence

Francesco Nicoli

Fit for war by 2030? European rearmament vis-a-vis Russia lagging in numbers and technologies

Alexandr Burilkov, Katelyn Bushnell, Juan Mejino-López, Thomas Morgan and Guntram B. Wolff

How can Europe’s nuclear deterrence trilemma be resolved?

Uncertainty over U.S. nuclear support is forcing Europe to choose between vulnerability, shared deterrence or nuclear proliferation

Andrea Gilli and Francesco Nicoli

Defence and climate: is a common agenda possible?

How Europe’s defence sector can align to climate goals without compromising security needs

Rebecca Christie, Kädi Ristkok and Simone Tagliapietra

Forsvarsinvesteringer: Europa må danne fælles front mod Rusland

Jesper Berg

The EU-UK reset: a first, big step in the right direction

The most important outcome of the EU-UK Summit might be that it re-establishes the habit of working together

Ignacio García Bercero and Heather Grabbe

Defence and climate: seven points for a common agenda

Beyond the debated public spending trade-off between defence and climate goals lie converging interests

Simone Tagliapietra

Which countries will be pivotal for the success of EU defence funding instruments?

History shows that decisions by single EU countries can determine whether member states as a whole take up new European initiatives

Marco Buti and Marcello Messori

The proposed European Defence Mechanism: questions and answers

Answering ten questions on the proposed EDM

Jeromin Zettelmeyer, Armin Steinbach and Guntram B. Wolff

The governance and funding of European rearmament

Europe must accelerate rearmament through deeper cooperation and innovative governance to counter Russia’s aggression and shifting US policies

Guntram B. Wolff, Armin Steinbach and Jeromin Zettelmeyer

Dilemmas for the EU in deficit-financing of defence expenditure and maintenance of fiscal discipline

In this paper, we assess the implications of the recourse to the escape clauses of the Stability and Growth Pact

Lucio Pench

Beyond the short-term emergency, the EU must think about the broader implications of defence integration

More integrated EU defence policy implies greater foreign-policy integration and a larger role for the European Parliament to provide accountability

Emmanuel Mourlon-Druol