Defence

Ukraine: the new military, economic and fiscal challenges

Ukraine is suffering a more effective Russian bombardment than previously and multiple economic difficulties; its allies must offer more

Marek Dabrowski

US Foreign Military Sales

This dataset offers detailed information on FMS notifications of transfers of military equipment from the US to foreign governments

Juan Mejino-López, Javier Ospital and Guntram B. Wolff

Freyja and the making of a European defence industry

More structured and scaled-up defence cooperation, backed with EU funding, will benefit both Europe and Ukraine

Elina Ribakova, Nataliia Shapoval and Guntram B. Wolff

Denmark’s diplomatic victory in Greenland

Trump’s deal with Denmark and Greenland maintains the status quo and makes independence for Greenland less likely

Jacob Funk Kirkegaard

More flexibility needs greater accountability: defence in the 2028-2034 EU budget

EU defence funding is set to grow in the next spending cycle, making better accountability essential before final budget rules are agreed

Javier Ospital and Guntram B. Wolff

State of the Union live

What are Europe’s priorities and how did Ursula Von der Leyen make the EU case?

Rebecca Christie, Elina Ribakova, Simone Tagliapietra and Jeromin Zettelmeyer

Reforming European Defence Procurement to Boost Military Innovation and Startups

Ethan Kapstein, Javier Ospital and Guntram B. Wolff

Europe’s rearmament problem is demand, not ‘help to buy’

A proposed bank to finance defence spending does not seem designed to fix more fundamental fragmentation problems, and may even reinforce them

Gene Frieda

German rearmament under the spotlight

Germany’s rearmament effort is laying bare its structural weaknesses in strategic, technological and operational modernisation

Guntram B. Wolff

Defence innovation and procurement reform: an empirical evaluation of the US Defense Innovation Unit

The DIU has widened and deepened US defence procurement, showing innovation units can bring more commercial tech firms into military supply

Ethan Kapstein, Javier Ospital and Guntram B. Wolff

Leading in spending, lagging in innovation: German defence procurement compared to the UK and Poland

This report shows that orders have grown rapidly in frequency, size and number since the start of Russia's full-scale invasion of Ukraine

Guntram B. Wolff, Johannes Binder and Thomas Morgan

Who controls the defence industry?

The defence industry is gaining importance in Europe, but the methods by which states exercise control over it are varied and poorly understood

Marco Becht, Juan Mejino-López and Guntram B. Wolff

Weapons, war and confusion

How will Europe and the US build and pay for the arsenals of the future?

Rebecca Christie, Sharon Weinberger and Guntram B. Wolff