Competing for inputs: how the European Union can improve critical raw materials supply security
EU critical raw materials projects fall short of self-sufficiency targets, making trade deals and targeted investment central to supply security
The EU emissions trading system works but most industrial decarbonisation is still to come
Survey evidence shows regulated manufacturers respond to the EU carbon price, but want reassurance on policy direction and stringency
Calls for EU financial-rule simplification should not spill over into lower standards
EU banking rules are under pressure for simplification, but reforms should cut complexity without weakening financial safeguards
German pension reform: first steps along a difficult path
Despite agreement in principle on pension reform in Germany, the country still lags some EU countries in the big decisions on system sustainability
The battle for the AI stack
Europe’s options for AI in the midst of US-China strategic competition
Europe’s rearmament problem is demand, not ‘help to buy’
A proposed bank to finance defence spending does not seem designed to fix more fundamental fragmentation problems, and may even reinforce them
European Union capital requirements on megabanks: the low road or the high road
EU megabanks are not facing crippling US competitive pressure, making fragmentation, regulatory complexity and crisis response the real priorities
Bruegel Annual Meetings | 2-3 September 2026
As Europe faces defining choices, the Bruegel Annual Meetings 2026 will explore the trade-offs shaping its future
Save the dateEuropean Clean Tech Tracker
The European Clean Tech Tracker (ECTT) provides insights into the clean technologies of the future and their status in the European context by bringing together information from several sources.
Bruegel European Clean Tech TrackerIn case you missed it
National plans, regional voices: cohesion policy in the next European Union budget
NRPPs could raise the EU added value of the 2028–34 budget, but reform conditions and decision-making must better reflect regional needs
How Europe should respond to the Iran gas shock – and how it shouldn’t
The European Union should act now to head off growing impacts from the Iran conflict on gas prices and availability
Hungary’s future
How Hungary’s historic election changes the EU and the economic outlook
The new global imbalances: why care, why now and what should be done?
This essay analyses the causes of, and remedies for, external imbalances, and what countries should do if they do not decline
From savings to sustainability: long-term investors and Europe’s green transition
How can institutional investors drive Europe’s green energy shift?
ZhōngHuá Mundus - Newsletter and Podcast
ZhōngHuá Mundus is a monthly newsletter and podcast by Bruegel, bringing you analysis of China in the world, as seen from Europe.
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