The issue: Anti-cartel enforcement is the least controversial of competition policy themes. Agreements to restrict competition such as price fixing or market sharing have obvious negative effects on welfare.

The issue: The European Union's pre-crisis growth performance was disappointingenough, but the performance has been even more dismal since theonset of the crisis.

The issue: The European Union's emissions trading system (ETS), introduced in 2005, is the centerpiece of EU decarbonisation efforts and the biggest emissions trading scheme…

Standards reduce production costs and increase the value of products to consumers; ultimately they significantly contribute to economic development. Standards however entail risks of anti-competitive…

For markets, European economic governance faces a crisis of policy effectiveness, while for citizens the European Union faces a democratic legitimacy crisis. The introduction of…

The strengthening of the European Union’s fiscal rules with the approval of the so-called ‘six-pack’, and the parallel worsening of economic conditions in Europe, re-opened…

Systemic banking crises are a threat to all countries whatever their development level. They can entail major fiscal costs that can undermine the sustainability of…

The euro crisis and subsequent policy responses have challenged the assumptions underpinning the euro-area's governance, and the relationship between the European Union's euro and non-euro countries.…

This policy brief argues that the euro area's shortcomings have become abundantly clear. It was set up without powers of strict surveillance over macroeconomic imbalances,…

Accounting provides a fundamental underpinning for capital markets, and the worldwide spread of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) marks one of the most advanced attempts…